Friday, 29 August 2014

How to write good answers in MAINS~

How to write good answers in MAINS~

You must read the wording of the question & answer accordingly. Remember the examiners are looking for an answer to their question types.

• Account for :- Give reasons


• Asses :- Establish strengths & weaknesses

Comment :- Your view point

• Compare :- Present similarities & differences

•Discuss :- Present analysis of all sides of the argument

•Distinguish :- Draw clear distinctions

•Elucidate :- Clarify what is different

•Evaluate/Critically evaluate/Review :- Present a judgement

•Examine/Critically Examine :- State pros &
cons and your final decision among
alternatives with reasons

•Explain :- Give reasons

•Highlight :- Focus on important points/features

•Illustrate :- Focus on examples
•Interprete :- Present an explanation
•Role :- Focus on contribution

• Significance/Importance :- Focus on important
positive consequences
Photo: How to write good answers in MAINS~

You must read the wording of the question & answer accordingly. Remember the examiners are looking for an answer to their question types.

• Account for :- Give reasons

• Asses :- Establish strengths & weaknesses
Comment :- Your view point

• Compare :- Present similarities & differences

•Discuss :- Present analysis of all sides of the argument

•Distinguish :- Draw clear distinctions

•Elucidate :- Clarify what is different

•Evaluate/Critically evaluate/Review :- Present a judgement

•Examine/Critically Examine :- State pros &
cons and your final decision among
alternatives with reasons


•Explain :- Give reasons

•Highlight :- Focus on important points/features

•Illustrate :- Focus on examples
•Interprete :- Present an explanation
•Role :- Focus on contribution

• Significance/Importance :- Focus on important
positive consequences

HOW TO READ THE HINDU IN 1 HOUR FOR CURRENT AFFAIRS - UPSC, STATE PSC

HOW TO READ THE HINDU IN 1 HOUR FOR CURRENT AFFAIRS - UPSC, STATE PSC
sschub - Either it is UPSC, MPSC, UPPSC, IBPS, CAT or any other exam which involves interview and hard competition, you always have to read newspapers.

Why to read the newspaper?

In the government job exams, at all three stages (preliminary, Mains or interview) they ask questions from current affairs.
you need facts and viewpoints to write a good essay. Newspapers are best sources for the fodder material.
Are Monthly magazine like Chronicle or Pratiyogita Darpan are sufficent ?

Such magazines only work as “supplement” and not as “substitute” of the newspapers.
Because the magazines cannot explain better to every single topic, even if they wish to. (and because on every second page, they’ve to put big advertisement of coaching classes, to cover the cost.)
Same case with the readymade blogs/ websites dealing with current-affairs.
Also such magazines or websites for competitive exams do not help you in the profile-based interview questions.
Which newspapers to read ?

The Hindu because the local newspapers only serve the “masala” news of politics, cricket and Bollywood.
What is important in newspaper ?

Prepare old question papers of UPSC (at least last three years), should give you a rough idea on what questions are asked directly or indirectly from newspaper. And then read the newspaper keeping that in mind.
What to read in Administration/ Polity section ?

Press conference of government, where they announce various policies, administrative reforms etc. (I’m talking about the press conference of union and State government, not the press conference of Congress and BJP. hahaha)
Various bills, minutes of Cabinet meetings.
The big full-page advertisements given by ruling party, about their achievements. (This usually comes before the election and on the birth anniversary of Nehru Gandhi Family). It is important because, they list out the various developmental schemes and provisions in it. Most important part is “who runs the scheme?” for example NREGA thing for under the jurisdiction of rural development Ministry (and not under Labour Ministry)
Election related items: what will the initiatives taken by the election commission? Any problems or controversies.
You have to prepare these for both Union as well as your own state Government. (Your state-Government schemes and Administrative reforms for the “profile Based Questions”)
Also some important topics are well discussed here => sschub polity
What not to do ?

No need to do Ph.D on every scam. All you have to do is brief highlight of what was the scam, how was it committed, what is the presence status in investigation or court and how to prevent it in future. You don’t have to go in minute details like on 23rd October 2007, Mr XYZ the accountant of store-dept in Commonwealth games misreported a 50 rupees ball for Rs.5000. Learn to skip the garbage sentences while you are reading a news item.
Same goes for elections: The XYZ by-elections were conducted on 23th October 2004 in which Mrs. XYZ wife of ABC belong with JYZ Political party defeated
What to read in National News section ?

Railway accidents, how many killed =not important. Reason for the rail accident and suggestions to prevent future accidents = important.
SP says BSP took 50 crores or vice versa = not important.
ISRO sends an artificial satellite = important. How much does it weigh? = not important.
How many killed in floods, landslides or tsunamis on which date= not important. But the reason behind those geographical phenomenons = important.
Maoists kidnap a collector = name of the collector is not important. But now experts and politicians say we need a comprehensive hostage-crisis guideline after this incidence= important.
When and How many men did leopards kill in Maharashtra = not important. Why is leopard killing men in Maharashtra= important. What is Government doing to stop the leopard? = important.
what to read in International News section ?

Meetings of organisations such as ASEAN, G20 etc , and particularly what India did in such conferences and meetings.
What is going on in UN, IMF, World Bank?
Bilateral visits of prime ministers and presidents. What treaties or trade pacts did they sign?
Climate change, environment related news.
Elections in the big nations : USA, Russia, China, France, UK.
Any major event: the democratic uprising in Middle East, Israel palestine, US vs China / Russia missile defence, NATO-Afghanistan and so on.
Science and Tech related items for example CERN, China’s space program, missle tests by N.Korea, Iran’s nuke program and so on.
Political or military coup (usually in South America and Africa.)
What is not important?

How many people are killed in a car bomb blast in Pakistan or Afghanistan?
Anything “small-time”, that does not affect future of the World. For example sex-scandles of Italian PM or marital wooes of Sarkozy.
What to read for Economy ?

IIP, GDP, WPI, CPI etc. Not the “numbers” but the reasons behind that number and the future because of that number.
ASSOCHAM, NASSCOM etc. (they usually complaint or suggest about Government policies that affect the business houses.)
Press conference or press note by Government, SEBI, RBI, Planning Commission etc.
International: ASEAN, World Bank, EU etc.
Columns and Editorials related to Economy.
Those preparing for Bank exams, should also note down the names of Chaimen of various companies and banks.
What is not important in Economy

“Numbers” of Daily Ups and downs of share-market. Because Economy is not about number but the meaning, history and future related to that number.
For example, if IIP was 0.13 on Jan-2012. That itself is not important. Whether it was 0.13 or 0.128? that is not important.
Important Questions are : is this IIP good or bad? And why is it good or bad? What’ll be its impact on future of Indian economy and Government / RBI policies?
How to prepare from Columns - Editorials?

Usually columns are made up of 7-8 paragraphs. But not every sentence and line is important; there are just 3-4 gemstones in it, which you can use in your mains / essay / interview answers. So just note them down.
Some people use highlighters to mark important lines and then file those newspaper cuttings. So do whichever method suits you (noting down or filing the cuttings).
But Not every column is worth your time and energy. For example in Indianexpress, there is one guy writes about Nepal’s political turomil every week. But in Nepal, the Prime ministers are changed every week and this guy happens to give ball by ball commentery of everything. It’s not worth the “Cost-benefit” ratio. So skip him.
Similarly there is one Yogindar Alagh in Indianexpress, who pretends to write on rural Development but just “I did this and that when I was a minister”=Not important.
Maintain the balance: some column writers have a habit of being totally cynical and anti-Government. For example Tavleen Singh of Indianexpress, while I do admire her for having the guts to openly write against Sonia, Mohan and Rahul, but in your answers, You must not admire or criticize a particular individual (minister / politician) in the mains / interview. And don’t prepare a line that is “too leftist” or “too rightists.”
And if you criticise the Government, then you should also offer the reform suggestions.
Sports / music / life-style/ Bollywood

Lifestyle = painting, pottery, music, fashion events etc. most of which cannot be afforded by middle class people.
The last 3-4 pages of English newspaper are devoted to this. if your “hobby” is tennis or chess, then you must follow the related sport-news.
For others, I say just skip it. Anything historic about Sports will get published in the competitive magazines and or the free blogs/ current-affairs related websites anyways. So daily following these sports-pages = not worth the time and energy.
Bollywood and cricket related news = not important in any case. Unless something related to administration or polity for example should BCCI be brought under RTI? And the copyright act vs Bollywood.
How to read the newspaper in 1 hour?

The beginning

Keep the red pen handy.
I’m taking Delhi Edition of The Hindu as reference; just follow the same procedure for your City /State’s edition of Indianexpress/ The Hindu.
The front-page and second page

Circle down on important lines from the news (which news, that is already explained above).
Third, fourth and fifth page

local news for example
20 people died in car accident in rajkot
xyz girl eloped with a neighbour
A cop was found taking bribes
Stone-pelting and rioting in XYZ part of Ahmedabad after a cricket match.
Keshubhai Patel said XYZ against Narendra Modi.
none of above, is important.
Then what is important?

Navjivan Trust of A’bad says no to Gujarati version of “Let’s kill Gandhi” written by Tushar Gandhi.
Gujarat Maritime Board and pollution board gives clearance to ship-breaking of Exxon Valdez, but NGO lobby says it contains dangerous chemicals. (Names are not important, but the important part is the big “environmental issue vs. livelihood of ship-breakers in Alang”
UP State Government launches “xyz1” and “xyz2” schemes.
Ghaziabad Municipal corp will give Rs.250/- to all Government school students who live more than 3 kms from the school, apart from the mid-day meal, Bicycle distribution.
We are done with 5 pages
The 6 to 9 Page

These are devoted to “national news”
Only concentrate on important exam oriented news. Underline the important lines using your red pen.
Page 10-11 (Columns and Editorials)

Highlight the gemstones and move on.
Page 12-13 (International)

Highlight the important news lines and move on.
Page 14 (TV, Astrology, Cartoon strips)

Highlight the important news lines for example the timing of Balika Vadhu. Haha just kidding, skip this page.
Page 15-16 (Business and economy)

Most important. Scan through every item, including small box news. Highlight the gemstones, if there are any important diagrams, cut and file them.

For freshers recommended books for prelims general studies paper

For freshers

recommended books for prelims general studies paper 

social (50 percent questions coming from this area)

economy---ramesh singh book
---current affairs

polity-------laxmi kanth book
-------current affairs

history-----the gazetteer of India history and culture
-----any class notes(like karim sir notes or vajiram notes)

science (50 percent questions coming from this area)

biology, physics, chemistry---ncert 6th to 10th sciece books
---current affairs

technology-----current affairs

geography-----ncert 6th to 12th geography books
-----certificate physical and human geography by GOHCHENGLEONG
------current affairs

environmental studies-----cbsc 8th to 10th environmental studies books
-----current affairs

WHAT KIND OF #IAS UPSC BOARD SEEKS DURING INTERVIEW NEEDS ?

WHAT KIND OF #IAS UPSC BOARD SEEKS DURING INTERVIEW NEEDS ?

Union Public Service Commission chairman D.P.Agrawal finds it worrying that a bulk of the candidates who apply for the competitive civil services examination are not equipped enough in their understanding of the country’s issues.

Addressing students of the Kerala State Civil
Services Academy here on Wednesday, he
warned them that there would soon come a time when a balancing mechanism would be put in place that would value the candidates’ general knowledge over subject proficiency.

He said it was impressive how well students
scored in their optional papers — where they put in more effort to raise the overall score at the expense of neglecting their reading of general issues in the country and the world over. The candidates should to be well-read, he said adding that learning by rote had entered the interview process as well.

Dr. Agrawal recalled previous instances where candidates had even made up hobbies, butwhen the interviewer probed further it became starkly apparent that the answer was not honest.

“Even hobbies are tutored for you by coaching centres,” he lamented, expressing his reservations about the flourishing of coaching centres across the country.

“They can brainwash and demolish you completely,” he said. It was imperative that students were honest, appeared as themselves for the test and the interview and not a false, coached version. Hobbies and educational achievements were what lent the candidate their personality and good training should be able to hone that personality, he said. The next paradigm of examinations would delve deeper into the subject and no amount of learning by rote would be able to get the candidate across the line, Dr. Agrawal said.imperative he said, adding that it was difficult t model a Physics paper into a history one or vice-versa he
advised aspirants to be lucid during interviews, especially if they planned to do so in
their regional languages. There had been previous episodes where what the candidate was
articulating got lost in translation durininterviews. Translators were picked carefully, he
assured. He said the UPSC was pro-language
because they believed that being adept at
languages can grant the candidate with more
knowledge, culturally.
Mr. Agrawal said he was relieved that 7.l people applied last year, even though there had
been reports of how the
bureaucracy was
increasingly placed at the mercy of political powers.

Success rate of all Optional Subjects~~

Success rate of all Optional Subjects~~


92.5 per cent of the successful candidates opted optional subjects related to Humanities including Literature of Languages. 4.8 per cent successful candidates opted science subjects, 1.9 per cent of the successful candidates chose Medical Sciences while 0.8 per cent of the successful candidates made it with Engineering Subjects.
As the list illustrates, among the most popular optional subjects, Public Administration was the most preferred subject among the optional subjects chosen by the candidates. Geography and History are at 2nd and 3rd spot.

Comparing CSE 2010 result outcome with CSE 2009, the success-rate of Public Administration has remain static (9.2 per cent) where as performance of Sociology and Geography has shown steady progress and success-rate has seen uptick.

Psychology has seen little downward trend (CSE 2008- 10.9%; CSE 2009- 8.8% and CSE 2010- 8.2%) and in last three years success-rate has seen a gradual drop.

After showing a little drop in success-rate in CSE 2009, Political Science & International Relations has again shown remarkable comeback with success-rate of 7.6 per cent.

Among other most popular optional subjects, History and Philosophy there is not much to talk about and their success-rate continues to be dwindling below 5 per cent.

Among other popular optional subjects, Anthropology, the most consistent performer has again shown brilliant results with excellent success-rate of 12 per cent.

While one can take some clue about success-rate from the result of the most popular optional subjects; but, one needs to be careful in taking reference of the data for some not as much popular optional subjects for deciding your optional subjects.

The result and the success-rate of these subjects may vary year to year resulting in big surprises when data is compared year-on-year.

To illustrate this we take Agriculture result for example. In CSE 2008 it had a success-rate of 18.6 per cent which dropped down to 10.6 per cent in CSE 2009 and in CSE 2010; it has a success-rate of only 1.5 per cent.

Such variation comes as the number of candidates appearing is low and any drop in result impacts the success-rate.

IAS MAINS::ESSAY WRITING



IAS MAINS::ESSAY WRITING


/1/The Essay Paper (250 marks) is crucial,critical and decisive.It is a compulsory paper and its score is incorporated in computing the total.
/2/ An essay is a reflection of the personality - ideas, views, analysis, assessments and inferences, values, attitude, aptitude, orientation and communication (written) abilities, all the attributes wanted by UPSC in an aspirant.
/3/An essay is a complete composition.
The essentials of essay writing are
Format (framework, structure),
Information (content, substance),
Language (expression, presentation),
Logic (analysis and information).
/4/The Format Comprises:
An Impact-Oriented Thematic Introduction:
The introduction is the opening part of the essay.It contains the core conceptual scheme,The defining criteria and The central idea.It should be confined to a paragraph.
The Main Text of an Essay:
Main text contains a series of paragraphs containing arguments based on information, analysis and systematic inter-connectivity .
After the introductory part is over, Main text of the Essay is a systematic organization of information based on a consistent methodology. It deals with the topic and related issues to be addressed, the correlation of facts, figures, ideas, views and concepts. An in-depth, systematic, coherent analysis based on the topic leading to logical inferences; as well as making (if it is required) plausible projections and providing with (if necessary) viable solutions.
The text of the composition must develop, support and explain the main ideas stated in introductory paragraph.
Effective Conclusion or A Final Inference:
As the text draws close to the conclusion, the essay should have reached the stage of 'critical mass', a sort of a climax.
The conclusion, a summary, should express the essence of the essay. It should not contain any fresh evidence, facts or figures.
An overall impressive synoptic presentation or an effective conclusion or a final inference is a value addition to essay......
Photo: IAS MAINS::ESSAY WRITING
/1/The Essay Paper (250 marks) is crucial,critical and decisive.It is a compulsory paper and its score is incorporated in computing the total.
/2/ An essay is a reflection of the personality - ideas, views, analysis, assessments and inferences, values, attitude, aptitude, orientation and communication (written) abilities, all the attributes wanted by UPSC in an aspirant.
/3/An essay is a complete composition.
The essentials of essay writing are
Format (framework, structure),
Information (content, substance),
Language (expression, presentation),
Logic (analysis and information).
/4/The Format Comprises:
An Impact-Oriented Thematic Introduction:
The introduction is the opening part of the essay.It contains the core conceptual scheme,The defining criteria and The central idea.It should be confined to a paragraph.
The Main Text of an Essay:
Main text contains a series of paragraphs containing arguments based on information, analysis and systematic inter-connectivity .
After the introductory part is over, Main text of the Essay is a systematic organization of information based on a consistent methodology. It deals with the topic and related issues to be addressed, the correlation of facts, figures, ideas, views and concepts. An in-depth, systematic, coherent analysis based on the topic leading to logical inferences; as well as making (if it is required) plausible projections and providing with (if necessary) viable solutions.
The text of the composition must develop, support and explain the main ideas stated in introductory paragraph.
Effective Conclusion or A Final Inference:
As the text draws close to the conclusion, the essay should have reached the stage of 'critical mass', a sort of a climax.
The conclusion, a summary, should express the essence of the essay. It should not contain any fresh evidence, facts or figures.
An overall impressive synoptic presentation or an effective conclusion or a final inference is a value addition to essay.....

Time Management in IAS Preparation!

Time Management in IAS Preparation!

1. Do not try to quantify your study in terms of hours. don’t consciously look at watch “oh yes, I’ve been studying for 1 hour 34 minutes, so let me watch TV now to get ‘fresh’.” This is not a board exam.

2. Some people start drinking tea/coffee or cigarette after every 2 hours.
They think it helps them concentrate in studies. (a habit usually picked up
during hostel days). Real men don’t need external stimulants. Drinking tea
only takes 5 minute, but they’d spend next 30-40 minutes chatting with their
buddies at tea stall or doing nothing on mobile phone. This is not how your
prepare for IAS exam.

3. Grow up. Stop sending chain emails and chain SMS around.

4. Avoid pseudo-IAS aspirants. They’re “looking at the finger rather than
moon” type. They spend more time in chit-chat, UPSC rumors, politics etc.

5. Avoid Chipkoo people in life and on phone. All they care is timepass.

6. Always Remain offline in gtalk/facebook messanger/yahoo messenger.

7. Einstein said time is relative. You can easily waste 20 minutes surfing TV-
channels even if there is no good program on TV. Previously there was
orkut, now we’ve facebook. You can easily waste 45 minutes to two hours,
doing nothing but clicking your mouse. There is no need to comment on every
photo you get tagged in, there is no need to give birthday wishes. There is
no need to add more friends to your profile.
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MISSION IAS-2015
November 19, 2013
IMPORTANT COMMITTEES

1. Parthasarathi Shome. – for Tax Administration Reform Commission (TARC), Suggest a system to enforce better tax compliance

2. B. Shivraman Committee - Nabard

3. Suma Verma Committee - to update, and revise the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006

4. Damodran Committee: on improvement of customer services in banks

5. Shri M. Narasimham Committee: on Banking Sector Reforms

6. Shri Raghuram Rajan Committee: on Financial Sector Reforms,

7. Shri B. Mahapatra Committee: to review the existing prudential guidelines on restructuring of advances by banks/ financial institutions.

8. Shri Aditya Puri Committee: Dissemination of Credit Information

9. Shri K.U.B. Rao Committee: recommended aligning gold import regulations

10. K M Chandrasekhar committee : for rationalization of foreign investment norms

11. Shri Pulak Kumar Sinha Committee: to study the feasibility of Aadhaar as an additional factor for authentication of card present transactions

12. Mukul Mudgal Committee: looking into US giant Walmart's lobbying activities to enter India

13. MBN Rao Committee: to prepare the blueprint of India’s first women’s bank

14. Arvind Mayaram Committee –for giving clear definitions to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional
Investment (FII),

15. Committee Set Up On Uttarakhand Floods: The committee will be headed by AK Ganju (Chairman, Ganga Flood Control Commission, Patna)

16. JS Mathur committee : to revise Newspaper Advertisement Rates.

17. K. Ratna Prabha : Committee on indecent depiction of women in media

18. Mukul Mudgal Committee: looking into US giant Walmart's lobbying activities to enter India

19. Mukul Mudgal Committee: to look at process of film clearance

20. MBN Rao Committee: to prepare the blueprint of India’s first women’s bank

21. SK Srivastava Committee: to formulate a policy on public-private partnership model to raise coal output

22. K M Chandrasekhar Committee – for rationalization of foreign investment norms

23. Arvind Mayaram Committee –for giving clear definitions to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional
Investment (FII)

24. Janakiraman Committee - To investigate the security transactions of the bank

25. MS Ahluwalia committee - to evaluate aspects related to set up of Nalanda University

26. Sitakant Mahapatra committee - for inclusion of Bhojpuri language in eighth schedule of constitution

27. N R Narayana Murthy committee - for evaluation of corporate sector participation in Higher Education.

28. C Rangarajan committee - for poverty scale estimates in the country

29. MB Shah committee - for inspection of illegal mining activities

30. N Rangachary committee - to examine taxation policies for I.T. sector

31. Parthasarathi Shome committee - implementation of GAAR (General Anti Avoidance Rule)

32. Deepak Parekh committee – for Financing Infrastructure sector

33. Naresh Chandra committee - 14 member task force on security issues

34. Bhandari Committee - Reconstruction of RRBs

35. RS Gujral Committee - suggest measures to boost MSME exports.

Dear Friends, Join us our specially crafted page for Civil
Services Examinations

Preparation Strategy for IAS Exam 2015

Preparation Strategy for IAS Exam 2015

Things to Know

The IAS Exam is a three-tier exam consisting of Prelims (objective), Mains (written) and Interview (verbal).

The Prelims is only qualifying in nature and consists of 2 papers common to all candidates
The Mains is scoring and consists of 1750 marks
The Interview is also scoring and consists of 275 marks
Only those who clear the Prelims can appear for the Mains and only those who clear the Mains can appear for the Interview
The Need for a Strategy

The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) exam or civil services exam is one of the toughest and most prestigious exams in India. It requires hours and months of focussed effort to crack but the effort is well worth it. For if you manage to clear the civil services exam, you will become a member of the prestigious Indian Civil Services which is one of the most rewarding careers in India.

This hub explains the best strategy to adopt to crack the Prelims and Mains in an integrated manner in view of the changed Prelims and Mains syllabus and pattern.

Important Dates to Remember for IAS 2015

Event
Date
Prelims Notification
16/05/2015
Last Date of Receipt of Applications
12/06/2015
Date of Prelims
23/08/2015
Commencement of Mains
18/12/2015 (5 days)
IAS Exam 2015 Schedule


Get the Right Books Before Starting Preparation

Before you start your IAS preparation, you should have all the essential books with you. I have listed the important books that you should read for Prelims and for Mains below. The list is updated regularly so you read only the most relevant books for civil services exam.

Books for IAS Prelims
Books for General Studies Mains
Remember, the Prelims consists of 2 papers common to all and General Studies (GS) consists of 4 papers (GS 1, GS 2, GS 3, GS 4) common to all candidates. So books referred above will be useful to you no matter which optional subject you select for the Mains exam.

Step 1 - Pick One Topic From Each Paper

The first step is to pick one topic from each paper of Prelims. Paper 1 consists of Economy, History, Science, Geography, Polity, History, Ecology, General Awareness and Current Affairs. While Paper 2 consists of Mental Ability, Data Interpretation, Logical Reasoning, Comprehension and Decision Making.

This approach helps you to prepare both the Papers simultaneously. This is important as in Prelims, there are individual cut-off marks for each paper so you cannot neglect any paper even if you come from a non-Science background.

You can pick any topic you like. For instance, you choose Ecology from Paper 1 and Decision Making from Paper 2. Cover both the topics thoroughly before you select the next two topics.

Have You Appeared for Prelims Before?

Yes
Will appear this year
Will appear next year

See results without voting
Step 2 - Cover the Mains Syllabus Simultaneously

The prelims is usually held in August. It will be held on August 23rd in 2015. The Mains will be held in December 2015. So you have 3 months between Prelims and Mains and in mains you need to prepare not just 4 GS papers but also one complete optional subject consisting of 2 papers.

Three months is grossly inadequate to cover such a wide syllabus. So the best strategy to adopt is to cover the common topics of Prelims and GS Mains simultaneously.

These common topics are:

Indian Polity
Geography and Ecology
Modern Indian History
Science and Technology
Decision Making
Indian Economy
However, you need to keep in mind the approach towards Prelims and Mains. For prelims, your scope is wider but with a comparatively shallow focus while for Mains you have limited scope but with in-depth coverage of the topic.

So let's say you're preparing Indian Polity. In Prelims, you will concentrate on the wording of all the Articles but in Mains, you need to go beyond just the wording and look at the inter-relationship between different Articles of the Constitution, their background, the amendments. judicial interpretation of the Articles and also quote relevant case studies from recent events.

Step 3 - Test Yourself

After you cover a particular topic, let's say Gandhian movements in Modern History, you should go through the past 5 years papers to test your topic preparation. If you cannot attempt some questions on the topic then you should go through the topic again to cover the areas you might have skipped.

This approach helps to attempt course correction immediately when the topic is still fresh in your mind instead of leaving it till the last few days when you should be revising instead of covering new topics.

IAS Preparation Tips

Step 4 - Keep Track of Current Affairs

It's important to remember that current affairs and general awareness should be prepared together with other conventional topics. Since at least 10-15 questions in Paper 1 are current affairs and general awareness based, you cannot skip these easy-to-score topics.

Read a good newspaper like The Hindu for not more than 60 minutes a day. You can skip the political and Page 3 gossip in newspapers. Similarly, you should read a good magazine like Pratyogita Darpan that has authentic information and facts.

Prepare Smartly

Not all topics in IAS exam have equal importance. Some are more important than others while some can be covered more quickly than others. You should aim to prepare the important topics that carry more marks first.

Some of these topics include: Maps, Current Affairs and General Awareness, Polity, Economy facts and figures, Modern History (as compared to Ancient and Medieval History), Decision Making (does not carry any negative penalty), Comprehension (very easy to score), Logical Reasoning.

Another tip is to make micro notes as you prepare. These notes will help you to revise quickly before the Prelims. Same goes for Mains. Since you cannot go through entire text books before the Prelims, it is always helpful to make your own topic notes on a flip page to revise 2o days before the exam.

Sunday, 17 August 2014

Federalising India

Federalising India

The purpose of this study is to examine federalism, its different forms, as well as the ability of different federal systems to absorb change through the creative reworking of Centre-state equations
Political systems are the focus of intense interest and debate in 2014, particularly, as Arab countries experience massive turmoil while confronting long-standing dictatorships. In our own neighborhood, the absence of strong and stable political systems has resulted in persistent internal conflict in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Therefore, as we celebrate our 68th Independence Day, Gateway House decided to examine the different forms of federalism, and their ability to absorb change through the creative reworking of Centre-State equations. Prime Minister Narendra Modi – whose rise can be attributed to a successful outcome of federalism – advocates “cooperative federalism” as the best means to take India towards stability and progress. So we asked our in-house experts, as well as external commentators, to share their views in this special compilation titled Federalising India.
Although the Indian Union is not strictly a federation, the nature of the Constitution is flexible enough to accommodate the ethnic, linguistic and regional aspirations of communities. Therefore from the moment of independence when there were only 14 states we have just witnessed the birth of the 29th  – Telangana.
Even in older and wealthier democracies, social and technological changes throw up new challenges that affect the smooth functioning of governments. For example in the United States, the two-party system is finding it difficult to accommodate changing public expectations, as its 200-year-old federal institutions struggle to evolve.
Brazil, on the other hand, has followed a more de-centralised federal model, giving greater powers to municipalities than to the states. An approach India has attempted through the Panchayati Raj Bill which has shown promise in some parts of the country, but is yet to achieve the success of Brazil in alleviating local problems.
However the equation between the Centre and states in India is now rapidly changing. The process gathered speed as the dominance of the Indian National Congress party started eroding. States also began to demand a greater reallocation of resources, central schemes to be customised to state-specific needs, and for the formulation of national policies through a more consultative process. A setback has been in the area of security. India has not been able to confront the challenges of terrorism effectively, because some states have been more recalcitrant than others to adhere to centrally controlled security structures.
The objective then is to ensure a balance between the powers of the Centre and those of the states so that the system does not end up in a tug-of-war leading to the Centre turning dictatorial, or states becoming hostile, and threatening to break away.
Going forward, we need to imagine a more dynamic concept of time to view territory, rather than perceiving of it as fixed space, to address the challenges that inevitably arise with economic development in a globalised world. Beliefs – political and spiritual – must adapt to the needs of the time. And therein lies an explanation for the strength of India’s federalism. Less structured as it is, it is this characteristic that has enabled it to withstand challenges and changes that have weakened less flexible systems.